SYMBOLCOMMON_NAMEaka. SYNONYMS
win.rovnix (Back to overview)

Rovnix

aka: Mayachok, Cidox, BkLoader
VTCollection    

Rovnix is a bootkit and consists of a driver loader (in the VBR) and the drivers (32bit, 64bit) themselves. It is part of the Carberp source code leak (https://github.com/nyx0/Rovnix). Rovnix has been used to protect Gozi ISFB, ReactorBot and Rerdom (at least).

References
2022-05-17Positive TechnologiesPositive Technologies
Space Pirates: analyzing the tools and connections of a new hacker group
FormerFirstRAT PlugX Poison Ivy Rovnix ShadowPad Zupdax
2021-01-080xC0DECAFEThomas Barabosch
The malware analyst’s guide to aPLib decompression
ISFB Rovnix
2020-06-23Kaspersky LabsAlexander Eremin
Oh, what a boot-iful mornin’ Rovnix bootkit back in business
Rovnix
2015-05-15Malware DiggerHanan Natan
Rovnix Dropper Analysis (TrojanDropper:Win32/Rovnix.P)
ReactorBot Rovnix
2014-09-01Virus BulletinAlexander Matrosov, David Harley, Eugene Rodionov
BOOTKITS: PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE
Rovnix
2014-05-06MalwareTechMalwareTech
Rovnix new “evolution”
Rovnix
2012-07-13ESET ResearchAleksandr Matrosov
Rovnix bootkit framework updated
Rovnix
2011-07-08Dr.WebDr. Web
Trojan.Mayachok.2: анализ первого известного VBR-буткита
Rovnix
2011-07-06Kaspersky LabsVyacheslav Zakorzhevsky
Cybercriminals switch from MBR to NTFS
Rovnix
2011-07-04Kernelmode.info Forumsrkhunter
WinNT/Rovnix (alias Mayachok, Cidox, BkLoader)
Rovnix
Yara Rules
[TLP:WHITE] win_rovnix_auto (20260504 | Detects win.rovnix.)
rule win_rovnix_auto {

    meta:
        author = "Felix Bilstein - yara-signator at cocacoding dot com"
        date = "2026-05-04"
        version = "1"
        description = "Detects win.rovnix."
        info = "autogenerated rule brought to you by yara-signator"
        tool = "yara-signator v0.6.0"
        signator_config = "callsandjumps;datarefs;binvalue"
        malpedia_reference = "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.rovnix"
        malpedia_rule_date = "20260422"
        malpedia_hash = "a182e35da64e6d71cb55f125c4d4225196523f14"
        malpedia_version = "20260504"
        malpedia_license = "CC BY-SA 4.0"
        malpedia_sharing = "TLP:WHITE"

    /* DISCLAIMER
     * The strings used in this rule have been automatically selected from the
     * disassembly of memory dumps and unpacked files, using YARA-Signator.
     * The code and documentation is published here:
     * https://github.com/fxb-cocacoding/yara-signator
     * As Malpedia is used as data source, please note that for a given
     * number of families, only single samples are documented.
     * This likely impacts the degree of generalization these rules will offer.
     * Take the described generation method also into consideration when you
     * apply the rules in your use cases and assign them confidence levels.
     */


    strings:
        $sequence_0 = { be???????? 8b15???????? 83e7f0 89542418 83c710 }
            // n = 5, score = 900
            //   be????????           |                     
            //   8b15????????         |                     
            //   83e7f0               | and                 edi, 0xfffffff0
            //   89542418             | mov                 dword ptr [esp + 0x18], edx
            //   83c710               | add                 edi, 0x10

        $sequence_1 = { 837c242c00 7405 57 6a00 ffd2 }
            // n = 5, score = 900
            //   837c242c00           | cmp                 dword ptr [esp + 0x2c], 0
            //   7405                 | je                  7
            //   57                   | push                edi
            //   6a00                 | push                0
            //   ffd2                 | call                edx

        $sequence_2 = { 6a00 ffd2 89442408 8bcf }
            // n = 4, score = 900
            //   6a00                 | push                0
            //   ffd2                 | call                edx
            //   89442408             | mov                 dword ptr [esp + 8], eax
            //   8bcf                 | mov                 ecx, edi

        $sequence_3 = { c1e902 ad 2bc3 ab e2fa }
            // n = 5, score = 900
            //   c1e902               | shr                 ecx, 2
            //   ad                   | lodsd               eax, dword ptr [esi]
            //   2bc3                 | sub                 eax, ebx
            //   ab                   | stosd               dword ptr es:[edi], eax
            //   e2fa                 | loop                0xfffffffc

        $sequence_4 = { 8bf8 83c335 c1e902 ad }
            // n = 4, score = 900
            //   8bf8                 | mov                 edi, eax
            //   83c335               | add                 ebx, 0x35
            //   c1e902               | shr                 ecx, 2
            //   ad                   | lodsd               eax, dword ptr [esi]

        $sequence_5 = { 60 bf40090000 be???????? 8b15???????? }
            // n = 4, score = 500
            //   60                   | pushal              
            //   bf40090000           | mov                 edi, 0x940
            //   be????????           |                     
            //   8b15????????         |                     

        $sequence_6 = { 85c0 e8???????? 8be5 5d }
            // n = 4, score = 400
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   8be5                 | mov                 esp, ebp
            //   5d                   | pop                 ebp

        $sequence_7 = { 7703 83c220 85c0 7404 }
            // n = 4, score = 400
            //   7703                 | ja                  5
            //   83c220               | add                 edx, 0x20
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax
            //   7404                 | je                  6

        $sequence_8 = { 8d4e1c 8908 8b4508 c7461801000000 }
            // n = 4, score = 400
            //   8d4e1c               | lea                 ecx, [esi + 0x1c]
            //   8908                 | mov                 dword ptr [eax], ecx
            //   8b4508               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp + 8]
            //   c7461801000000       | mov                 dword ptr [esi + 0x18], 1

        $sequence_9 = { 8975d4 8975dc 8975e0 ff15???????? 85c0 }
            // n = 5, score = 400
            //   8975d4               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x2c], esi
            //   8975dc               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x24], esi
            //   8975e0               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x20], esi
            //   ff15????????         |                     
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax

        $sequence_10 = { 894804 8b4608 8b4e0c 8901 894804 8b4718 85c0 }
            // n = 7, score = 400
            //   894804               | mov                 dword ptr [eax + 4], ecx
            //   8b4608               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [esi + 8]
            //   8b4e0c               | mov                 ecx, dword ptr [esi + 0xc]
            //   8901                 | mov                 dword ptr [ecx], eax
            //   894804               | mov                 dword ptr [eax + 4], ecx
            //   8b4718               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [edi + 0x18]
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax

        $sequence_11 = { eb06 8b5d0c 8b7d08 8bcf }
            // n = 4, score = 400
            //   eb06                 | jmp                 8
            //   8b5d0c               | mov                 ebx, dword ptr [ebp + 0xc]
            //   8b7d08               | mov                 edi, dword ptr [ebp + 8]
            //   8bcf                 | mov                 ecx, edi

        $sequence_12 = { 8d7e08 897f04 893f 894e14 895e10 }
            // n = 5, score = 400
            //   8d7e08               | lea                 edi, [esi + 8]
            //   897f04               | mov                 dword ptr [edi + 4], edi
            //   893f                 | mov                 dword ptr [edi], edi
            //   894e14               | mov                 dword ptr [esi + 0x14], ecx
            //   895e10               | mov                 dword ptr [esi + 0x10], ebx

        $sequence_13 = { c745ec40020000 8975e8 8975f0 8975f4 ff15???????? 85c0 }
            // n = 6, score = 400
            //   c745ec40020000       | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x14], 0x240
            //   8975e8               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x18], esi
            //   8975f0               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x10], esi
            //   8975f4               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0xc], esi
            //   ff15????????         |                     
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax

        $sequence_14 = { 8b4d0c 897604 8936 8d7e08 897f04 }
            // n = 5, score = 400
            //   8b4d0c               | mov                 ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0xc]
            //   897604               | mov                 dword ptr [esi + 4], esi
            //   8936                 | mov                 dword ptr [esi], esi
            //   8d7e08               | lea                 edi, [esi + 8]
            //   897f04               | mov                 dword ptr [edi + 4], edi

        $sequence_15 = { 8b00 3bc1 75f3 395e14 }
            // n = 4, score = 400
            //   8b00                 | mov                 eax, dword ptr [eax]
            //   3bc1                 | cmp                 eax, ecx
            //   75f3                 | jne                 0xfffffff5
            //   395e14               | cmp                 dword ptr [esi + 0x14], ebx

        $sequence_16 = { 23c9 16 85c9 23d2 }
            // n = 4, score = 200
            //   23c9                 | and                 ecx, ecx
            //   16                   | push                ss
            //   85c9                 | test                ecx, ecx
            //   23d2                 | and                 edx, edx

        $sequence_17 = { 5d c3 85c0 e8???????? }
            // n = 4, score = 200
            //   5d                   | pop                 ebp
            //   c3                   | ret                 
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax
            //   e8????????           |                     

        $sequence_18 = { 23db 81e1ff000000 23c9 83440c0404 }
            // n = 4, score = 200
            //   23db                 | and                 ebx, ebx
            //   81e1ff000000         | and                 ecx, 0xff
            //   23c9                 | and                 ecx, ecx
            //   83440c0404           | add                 dword ptr [esp + ecx + 4], 4

        $sequence_19 = { 55 8bec 85db 85c9 }
            // n = 4, score = 200
            //   55                   | push                ebp
            //   8bec                 | mov                 ebp, esp
            //   85db                 | test                ebx, ebx
            //   85c9                 | test                ecx, ecx

        $sequence_20 = { 8be5 5d c3 85c9 e8???????? }
            // n = 5, score = 200
            //   8be5                 | mov                 esp, ebp
            //   5d                   | pop                 ebp
            //   c3                   | ret                 
            //   85c9                 | test                ecx, ecx
            //   e8????????           |                     

        $sequence_21 = { 9f ed c43f d332 92 33d3 3a922fd34292 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   9f                   | lahf                
            //   ed                   | in                  eax, dx
            //   c43f                 | les                 edi, ptr [edi]
            //   d332                 | sal                 dword ptr [edx], cl
            //   92                   | xchg                eax, edx
            //   33d3                 | xor                 edx, ebx
            //   3a922fd34292         | cmp                 dl, byte ptr [edx - 0x6dbd2cd1]

        $sequence_22 = { 6689442444 0fb7c1 66c1e909 66c1e805 6683e00f 6689442442 }
            // n = 6, score = 100
            //   6689442444           | add                 ecx, dword ptr [ebp + 0x10]
            //   0fb7c1               | dec                 eax
            //   66c1e909             | mov                 eax, dword ptr [esp + 0x38]
            //   66c1e805             | inc                 esp
            //   6683e00f             | cmp                 byte ptr [eax], bh
            //   6689442442           | je                  0xe

        $sequence_23 = { 83c710 8bea b89b97d1c2 05???????? 05???????? 2d9b97d0c2 837c242c00 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   83c710               | add                 edi, 0x10
            //   8bea                 | mov                 ebp, edx
            //   b89b97d1c2           | mov                 eax, 0xc2d1979b
            //   05????????           |                     
            //   05????????           |                     
            //   2d9b97d0c2           | sub                 eax, 0xc2d0979b
            //   837c242c00           | cmp                 dword ptr [esp + 0x2c], 0

        $sequence_24 = { 488364245800 488364247000 488364247800 488d442430 4c8d4c2440 }
            // n = 5, score = 100
            //   488364245800         | lea                 eax, [edx + 0x28]
            //   488364247000         | dec                 eax
            //   488364247800         | lea                 eax, [0xfffffc03]
            //   488d442430           | dec                 eax
            //   4c8d4c2440           | and                 dword ptr [esp + 0x58], 0

        $sequence_25 = { 45 7d58 95 08c1 a3???????? }
            // n = 5, score = 100
            //   45                   | inc                 ebp
            //   7d58                 | jge                 0x5a
            //   95                   | xchg                eax, ebp
            //   08c1                 | or                  cl, al
            //   a3????????           |                     

        $sequence_26 = { 0b616c 16 00ef 7d18 48 f1 7067 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   0b616c               | or                  esp, dword ptr [ecx + 0x6c]
            //   16                   | push                ss
            //   00ef                 | add                 bh, ch
            //   7d18                 | jge                 0x1a
            //   48                   | dec                 eax
            //   f1                   | int1                
            //   7067                 | jo                  0x69

        $sequence_27 = { ab e2fa 61 ba54060000 03ea }
            // n = 5, score = 100
            //   ab                   | stosd               dword ptr es:[edi], eax
            //   e2fa                 | loop                0xfffffffc
            //   61                   | popal               
            //   ba54060000           | mov                 edx, 0x654
            //   03ea                 | add                 ebp, edx

        $sequence_28 = { 488d4c2448 448d4228 e8???????? 488d0503fcffff }
            // n = 4, score = 100
            //   488d4c2448           | dec                 eax
            //   448d4228             | lea                 ecx, [esp + 0x48]
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   488d0503fcffff       | inc                 esp

        $sequence_29 = { 488b442438 443838 7409 ffc1 }
            // n = 4, score = 100
            //   488b442438           | dec                 esp
            //   443838               | lea                 ecx, [esp + 0x40]
            //   7409                 | inc                 esp
            //   ffc1                 | mov                 dword ptr [esp + 0x28], esi

        $sequence_30 = { 498943f0 49895bf8 41c643bbe0 488b0d???????? 488bd7 ff15???????? }
            // n = 6, score = 100
            //   498943f0             | inc                 esp
            //   49895bf8             | mov                 ecx, ecx
            //   41c643bbe0           | mov                 dword ptr [esp + 0x20], ecx
            //   488b0d????????       |                     
            //   488bd7               | dec                 eax
            //   ff15????????         |                     

        $sequence_31 = { 4489742428 448bc9 894c2420 488b4d00 450fafcc 4c034d10 }
            // n = 6, score = 100
            //   4489742428           | dec                 eax
            //   448bc9               | and                 dword ptr [esp + 0x70], 0
            //   894c2420             | dec                 eax
            //   488b4d00             | and                 dword ptr [esp + 0x78], 0
            //   450fafcc             | dec                 eax
            //   4c034d10             | lea                 eax, [esp + 0x30]

        $sequence_32 = { 488b4ccb08 e8???????? ff0b 3933 75e5 }
            // n = 5, score = 100
            //   488b4ccb08           | mov                 ecx, dword ptr [ebp]
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   ff0b                 | inc                 ebp
            //   3933                 | imul                ecx, esp
            //   75e5                 | dec                 esp

        $sequence_33 = { 74e5 01c4 035dfc 022464 b428 40 40 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   74e5                 | je                  0xffffffe7
            //   01c4                 | add                 esp, eax
            //   035dfc               | add                 ebx, dword ptr [ebp - 4]
            //   022464               | add                 ah, byte ptr [esp]
            //   b428                 | mov                 ah, 0x28
            //   40                   | inc                 eax
            //   40                   | inc                 eax

        $sequence_34 = { 16 d24055 2672f7 6232 ce 3d2033ce3d 6215???????? }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   16                   | push                ss
            //   d24055               | rol                 byte ptr [eax + 0x55], cl
            //   2672f7               | jb                  0xfffffffa
            //   6232                 | bound               esi, qword ptr [edx]
            //   ce                   | into                
            //   3d2033ce3d           | cmp                 eax, 0x3dce3320
            //   6215????????         |                     

        $sequence_35 = { 46 92 c55151 a2???????? d24b46 92 c55151 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   46                   | inc                 esi
            //   92                   | xchg                eax, edx
            //   c55151               | lds                 edx, ptr [ecx + 0x51]
            //   a2????????           |                     
            //   d24b46               | ror                 byte ptr [ebx + 0x46], cl
            //   92                   | xchg                eax, edx
            //   c55151               | lds                 edx, ptr [ecx + 0x51]

    condition:
        7 of them and filesize < 548864
}
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