SYMBOLCOMMON_NAMEaka. SYNONYMS
win.bedep (Back to overview)

Bedep

VTCollection    

Bedep has been mostly observed in ad-fraud campaigns, although it can also generally load modules for different tasks. It was dropped by the Angler Exploit Kit.

References
2026-04-22 ⋅ Gen Digital Inc ⋅ Gen Digital Inc.
When Malware Authors Study Algebra: The Group Theory Inside Bedep's DGA
Bedep
2016-05-09 ⋅ Malware Traffic Analysis ⋅ Brad Duncan
PseudoDarkLeech Angler EK from 185.118.66.154 sends Bedep/CryptXXX
Bedep Unidentified 025 (Clickfraud)
2016-04-14 ⋅ Malware Don't Need Coffee ⋅ Kafeine
Bedep has raised its game vs Bot Zombies
Bedep
2016-02-09 ⋅ Talos Intelligence ⋅ Alexander Chiu
Bedep Lurking in Angler's Shadows
Bedep
2015-05-20 ⋅ Sentrant ⋅ Sergei Frankoff
Bedep Ad-Fraud Botnet Analysis – Exposing the Mechanics Behind 153.6M Defrauded Ad Impressions A Day
Bedep
2015-04-21 ⋅ Arbor Networks ⋅ Dennis Schwarz
Bedep’s DGA: Trading Foreign Exchange for Malware Domains
Bedep
2015-01-22 ⋅ Zscaler ⋅ Deepen Desai
Malvertising Leading To Flash Zero Day Via Angler Exploit Kit
Bedep
Yara Rules
[TLP:WHITE] win_bedep_auto (20260917 | Detects win.bedep.)
rule win_bedep_auto {

    meta:
        author = "Felix Bilstein - yara-signator at cocacoding dot com"
        date = "2026-09-17"
        version = "1"
        description = "Detects win.bedep."
        info = "autogenerated rule brought to you by yara-signator"
        tool = "yara-signator v0.6.0"
        signator_config = "callsandjumps;datarefs;binvalue"
        malpedia_reference = "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.bedep"
        malpedia_rule_date = "20260916"
        malpedia_hash = "53a643781c18e08f4a50949af60172d837a0b6f6"
        malpedia_version = "20260917"
        malpedia_license = "CC BY-SA 4.0"
        malpedia_sharing = "TLP:WHITE"

    /* DISCLAIMER
     * The strings used in this rule have been automatically selected from the
     * disassembly of memory dumps and unpacked files, using YARA-Signator.
     * The code and documentation is published here:
     * https://github.com/fxb-cocacoding/yara-signator
     * As Malpedia is used as data source, please note that for a given
     * number of families, only single samples are documented.
     * This likely impacts the degree of generalization these rules will offer.
     * Take the described generation method also into consideration when you
     * apply the rules in your use cases and assign them confidence levels.
     */


    strings:
        $sequence_0 = { ff760c 8b4604 ff7608 890e e8???????? 894604 85c0 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   ff760c               | push                dword ptr [esi + 0xc]
            //   8b4604               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [esi + 4]
            //   ff7608               | push                dword ptr [esi + 8]
            //   890e                 | mov                 dword ptr [esi], ecx
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   894604               | mov                 dword ptr [esi + 4], eax
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax

        $sequence_1 = { 3bdf 0f8c7b010000 895c2418 7e0f e8???????? 8bd8 3bdf }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   3bdf                 | cmp                 ebx, edi
            //   0f8c7b010000         | jl                  0x181
            //   895c2418             | mov                 dword ptr [esp + 0x18], ebx
            //   7e0f                 | jle                 0x11
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   8bd8                 | mov                 ebx, eax
            //   3bdf                 | cmp                 ebx, edi

        $sequence_2 = { 7416 837d0c00 7410 681800000a ff35???????? e8???????? 6aff }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   7416                 | je                  0x18
            //   837d0c00             | cmp                 dword ptr [ebp + 0xc], 0
            //   7410                 | je                  0x12
            //   681800000a           | push                0xa000018
            //   ff35????????         |                     
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   6aff                 | push                -1

        $sequence_3 = { 83c308 89841d78f6ffff 8bc2 8b576c 89b41d7cf6ffff b120 83c308 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   83c308               | add                 ebx, 8
            //   89841d78f6ffff       | mov                 dword ptr [ebp + ebx - 0x988], eax
            //   8bc2                 | mov                 eax, edx
            //   8b576c               | mov                 edx, dword ptr [edi + 0x6c]
            //   89b41d7cf6ffff       | mov                 dword ptr [ebp + ebx - 0x984], esi
            //   b120                 | mov                 cl, 0x20
            //   83c308               | add                 ebx, 8

        $sequence_4 = { 807c241400 7407 680a000009 eb05 680b000009 ff35???????? e8???????? }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   807c241400           | cmp                 byte ptr [esp + 0x14], 0
            //   7407                 | je                  9
            //   680a000009           | push                0x900000a
            //   eb05                 | jmp                 7
            //   680b000009           | push                0x900000b
            //   ff35????????         |                     
            //   e8????????           |                     

        $sequence_5 = { 50 8b4508 99 52 50 8d842488000000 99 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   50                   | push                eax
            //   8b4508               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp + 8]
            //   99                   | cdq                 
            //   52                   | push                edx
            //   50                   | push                eax
            //   8d842488000000       | lea                 eax, [esp + 0x88]
            //   99                   | cdq                 

        $sequence_6 = { 5e 5b 8bc7 5f c9 c20c00 8b413c }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   5e                   | pop                 esi
            //   5b                   | pop                 ebx
            //   8bc7                 | mov                 eax, edi
            //   5f                   | pop                 edi
            //   c9                   | leave               
            //   c20c00               | ret                 0xc
            //   8b413c               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ecx + 0x3c]

        $sequence_7 = { ff7620 ffd7 ff761c ffd7 56 e8???????? 59 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   ff7620               | push                dword ptr [esi + 0x20]
            //   ffd7                 | call                edi
            //   ff761c               | push                dword ptr [esi + 0x1c]
            //   ffd7                 | call                edi
            //   56                   | push                esi
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   59                   | pop                 ecx

        $sequence_8 = { ffd1 5e c9 c21000 55 8bec 83ec1c }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   ffd1                 | call                ecx
            //   5e                   | pop                 esi
            //   c9                   | leave               
            //   c21000               | ret                 0x10
            //   55                   | push                ebp
            //   8bec                 | mov                 ebp, esp
            //   83ec1c               | sub                 esp, 0x1c

        $sequence_9 = { c74604000000f0 50 83c608 56 885dec 885ded 885dee }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   c74604000000f0       | mov                 dword ptr [esi + 4], 0xf0000000
            //   50                   | push                eax
            //   83c608               | add                 esi, 8
            //   56                   | push                esi
            //   885dec               | mov                 byte ptr [ebp - 0x14], bl
            //   885ded               | mov                 byte ptr [ebp - 0x13], bl
            //   885dee               | mov                 byte ptr [ebp - 0x12], bl

    condition:
        7 of them and filesize < 557056
}
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