SYMBOLCOMMON_NAMEaka. SYNONYMS
win.bandook (Back to overview)

Bandook

aka: Bandok

Actor(s): Dark Caracal

VTCollection    

Bandook malware is a remote access trojan (RAT) first seen in 2007 and has been active for several years. Written in both Delphi and C++, it was first seen as a commercial RAT developed by a Lebanese creator named PrinceAli. Over the years, several variants of Bandook were leaked online, and the malware became available for public download.

References
2025-02-28 ⋅ Positive Technologies ⋅ Denis Kazakov, Sergey Samokhin
The evolution of Dark Caracal tools: analysis of a campaign featuring Poco RAT
Bandook
2023-12-21 ⋅ Fortinet ⋅ Pei Han Liao
Bandook - A Persistent Threat That Keeps Evolving
Bandook
2023-02-10 ⋅ Electronic Frontier Foundation ⋅ Cooper Quintin
Uncle Sow: Dark Caracal in Latin America
Bandook
2021-07-19 ⋅ Proofpoint ⋅ Joe Wise, Konstantin Klinger, Proofpoint Threat Research Team, Selena Larson
New Threat Actor Uses Spanish Language Lures to Distribute Seldom Observed Bandook Malware
Bandook Caliente Bandits
2021-07-07 ⋅ ESET Research ⋅ Fernando Tavella, Matías Porolli
Bandidos at large: A spying campaign in Latin America
Bandook
2020-12-10 ⋅ Electronic Frontier Foundation ⋅ Cooper Quintin, Eva Galperin
Dark Caracal: You Missed a Spot
Bandook
2020-11-26 ⋅ Checkpoint ⋅ Check Point Research
Bandook: Signed & Delivered
Bandook
2020-11-26 ⋅ Check Point ⋅ Checkpoint Research
Bandook: Signed & Delivered
Bandook Dark Caracal
2018-01-18 ⋅ Lookout ⋅ Andrew Blaich, Apurva Kumar, Cooper Quintin, Eva Galperin, Jeremy Richards, Michael Flossman
Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scal
CrossRAT Bandook Dark Caracal
2016-08-01 ⋅ Electronic Frontier Foundation ⋅ Claudio Guarnieri, Cooper Quintin, Eva Galperin, Morgan Marquis-Boire
Operation Manul
jRAT Bandook
Yara Rules
[TLP:WHITE] win_bandook_auto (20260917 | Detects win.bandook.)
rule win_bandook_auto {

    meta:
        author = "Felix Bilstein - yara-signator at cocacoding dot com"
        date = "2026-09-17"
        version = "1"
        description = "Detects win.bandook."
        info = "autogenerated rule brought to you by yara-signator"
        tool = "yara-signator v0.6.0"
        signator_config = "callsandjumps;datarefs;binvalue"
        malpedia_reference = "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.bandook"
        malpedia_rule_date = "20260916"
        malpedia_hash = "53a643781c18e08f4a50949af60172d837a0b6f6"
        malpedia_version = "20260917"
        malpedia_license = "CC BY-SA 4.0"
        malpedia_sharing = "TLP:WHITE"

    /* DISCLAIMER
     * The strings used in this rule have been automatically selected from the
     * disassembly of memory dumps and unpacked files, using YARA-Signator.
     * The code and documentation is published here:
     * https://github.com/fxb-cocacoding/yara-signator
     * As Malpedia is used as data source, please note that for a given
     * number of families, only single samples are documented.
     * This likely impacts the degree of generalization these rules will offer.
     * Take the described generation method also into consideration when you
     * apply the rules in your use cases and assign them confidence levels.
     */


    strings:
        $sequence_0 = { a1???????? 33c5 8945fc 8d85f4fdffff c785f8fdffff00020000 50 68???????? }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   a1????????           |                     
            //   33c5                 | xor                 eax, ebp
            //   8945fc               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 4], eax
            //   8d85f4fdffff         | lea                 eax, [ebp - 0x20c]
            //   c785f8fdffff00020000     | mov    dword ptr [ebp - 0x208], 0x200
            //   50                   | push                eax
            //   68????????           |                     

        $sequence_1 = { 6800400000 52 ff76f8 ff15???????? eb61 8bcb }
            // n = 6, score = 100
            //   6800400000           | push                0x4000
            //   52                   | push                edx
            //   ff76f8               | push                dword ptr [esi - 8]
            //   ff15????????         |                     
            //   eb61                 | jmp                 0x63
            //   8bcb                 | mov                 ecx, ebx

        $sequence_2 = { 56 57 8d442408 50 68???????? ff15???????? }
            // n = 6, score = 100
            //   56                   | push                esi
            //   57                   | push                edi
            //   8d442408             | lea                 eax, [esp + 8]
            //   50                   | push                eax
            //   68????????           |                     
            //   ff15????????         |                     

        $sequence_3 = { a3???????? e9???????? 8b8dd4beffff b8???????? 0f1f8000000000 8a10 }
            // n = 6, score = 100
            //   a3????????           |                     
            //   e9????????           |                     
            //   8b8dd4beffff         | mov                 ecx, dword ptr [ebp - 0x412c]
            //   b8????????           |                     
            //   0f1f8000000000       | nop                 dword ptr [eax]
            //   8a10                 | mov                 dl, byte ptr [eax]

        $sequence_4 = { 8bec 803d????????01 751b 8b4508 ff7008 ff30 ff7004 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   8bec                 | mov                 ebp, esp
            //   803d????????01       |                     
            //   751b                 | jne                 0x1d
            //   8b4508               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp + 8]
            //   ff7008               | push                dword ptr [eax + 8]
            //   ff30                 | push                dword ptr [eax]
            //   ff7004               | push                dword ptr [eax + 4]

        $sequence_5 = { 8b8558ffffff 83c40c c6040600 eb17 56 c68558ffffff00 ffb558ffffff }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   8b8558ffffff         | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp - 0xa8]
            //   83c40c               | add                 esp, 0xc
            //   c6040600             | mov                 byte ptr [esi + eax], 0
            //   eb17                 | jmp                 0x19
            //   56                   | push                esi
            //   c68558ffffff00       | mov                 byte ptr [ebp - 0xa8], 0
            //   ffb558ffffff         | push                dword ptr [ebp - 0xa8]

        $sequence_6 = { 8bec 83e4f8 b8d49d0400 e8???????? a1???????? 33c4 898424d09d0400 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   8bec                 | mov                 ebp, esp
            //   83e4f8               | and                 esp, 0xfffffff8
            //   b8d49d0400           | mov                 eax, 0x49dd4
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   a1????????           |                     
            //   33c4                 | xor                 eax, esp
            //   898424d09d0400       | mov                 dword ptr [esp + 0x49dd0], eax

        $sequence_7 = { 2bcf 0f1f8000000000 8a07 8d7f01 884439ff 84c0 75f3 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   2bcf                 | sub                 ecx, edi
            //   0f1f8000000000       | nop                 dword ptr [eax]
            //   8a07                 | mov                 al, byte ptr [edi]
            //   8d7f01               | lea                 edi, [edi + 1]
            //   884439ff             | mov                 byte ptr [ecx + edi - 1], al
            //   84c0                 | test                al, al
            //   75f3                 | jne                 0xfffffff5

        $sequence_8 = { a1???????? 33c5 8945f8 8b4508 b9???????? 53 56 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   a1????????           |                     
            //   33c5                 | xor                 eax, ebp
            //   8945f8               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 8], eax
            //   8b4508               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp + 8]
            //   b9????????           |                     
            //   53                   | push                ebx
            //   56                   | push                esi

        $sequence_9 = { 8b45cc 85c0 0f8538ffffff 68e8030000 ffd7 6a00 6a05 }
            // n = 7, score = 100
            //   8b45cc               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp - 0x34]
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax
            //   0f8538ffffff         | jne                 0xffffff3e
            //   68e8030000           | push                0x3e8
            //   ffd7                 | call                edi
            //   6a00                 | push                0
            //   6a05                 | push                5

    condition:
        7 of them and filesize < 23088128
}
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