SYMBOLCOMMON_NAMEaka. SYNONYMS
win.defray (Back to overview)

Defray

aka: Glushkov
VTCollection    

Defray is ransomware that appeared in 2017, and is targeted ransomware, mainly on the healthcare vertical.

The distribution of Defray has several notable characteristics:
According to Proofpoint:
"
Defray is currently being spread via Microsoft Word document attachments in email
The campaigns are as small as several messages each
The lures are custom crafted to appeal to the intended set of potential victims
The recipients are individuals or distribution lists, e.g., group@ and websupport@
Geographic targeting is in the UK and US
Vertical targeting varies by campaign and is narrow and selective
"

References
2020-11-20 ⋅ Trend Micro ⋅ Abraham Camba, Bren Matthew Ebriega, Gilbert Sison
Weaponizing Open Source Software for Targeted Attacks
LaZagne Defray PlugX
2020-11-06 ⋅ Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 ⋅ CRYPSIS, Drew Schmitt, Ryan Tracey
Next Up: “PyXie Lite”
Defray PyXie
2020-09-23 ⋅ Bleeping Computer ⋅ Lawrence Abrams
Government software provider Tyler Technologies hit by ransomware
Defray
2020-02-25 ⋅ RSA Conference ⋅ Joel DeCapua
Feds Fighting Ransomware: How the FBI Investigates and How You Can Help
FastCash Cerber Defray Dharma FriedEx Gandcrab GlobeImposter Mamba Phobos Rapid Ransom REvil Ryuk SamSam Zeus
2020-01-17 ⋅ Secureworks ⋅ Keita Yamazaki, Tamada Kiyotaka, You Nakatsuru
Is It Wrong to Try to Find APT Techniques in Ransomware Attack?
Defray Dharma FriedEx Gandcrab GlobeImposter Matrix Ransom MedusaLocker Phobos REvil Ryuk SamSam Scarab Ransomware
2020-01-01 ⋅ Secureworks ⋅ SecureWorks
GOLD DUPONT
Cobalt Strike Defray PyXie GOLD DUPONT
2017-09-26 ⋅ Threat Vector ⋅ Cylance Threat Research Team
Defray Ransomware Hits Healthcare and Education
Defray
2017-08-24 ⋅ Proofpoint ⋅ Proofpoint Staff
Defray - New Ransomware Targeting Education and Healthcare Verticals
Defray
2017-08-24 ⋅ Proofpoint ⋅ Proofpoint Staff
New Defray Ransomware Targets Education and Healthcare Verticals
Defray
Yara Rules
[TLP:WHITE] win_defray_auto (20260917 | Detects win.defray.)
rule win_defray_auto {

    meta:
        author = "Felix Bilstein - yara-signator at cocacoding dot com"
        date = "2026-09-17"
        version = "1"
        description = "Detects win.defray."
        info = "autogenerated rule brought to you by yara-signator"
        tool = "yara-signator v0.6.0"
        signator_config = "callsandjumps;datarefs;binvalue"
        malpedia_reference = "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.defray"
        malpedia_rule_date = "20260916"
        malpedia_hash = "53a643781c18e08f4a50949af60172d837a0b6f6"
        malpedia_version = "20260917"
        malpedia_license = "CC BY-SA 4.0"
        malpedia_sharing = "TLP:WHITE"

    /* DISCLAIMER
     * The strings used in this rule have been automatically selected from the
     * disassembly of memory dumps and unpacked files, using YARA-Signator.
     * The code and documentation is published here:
     * https://github.com/fxb-cocacoding/yara-signator
     * As Malpedia is used as data source, please note that for a given
     * number of families, only single samples are documented.
     * This likely impacts the degree of generalization these rules will offer.
     * Take the described generation method also into consideration when you
     * apply the rules in your use cases and assign them confidence levels.
     */


    strings:
        $sequence_0 = { 81c630020000 83eb01 75e3 8d8dc8fdffff e8???????? 8d8d98fbffff e8???????? }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   81c630020000         | add                 esi, 0x230
            //   83eb01               | sub                 ebx, 1
            //   75e3                 | jne                 0xffffffe5
            //   8d8dc8fdffff         | lea                 ecx, [ebp - 0x238]
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   8d8d98fbffff         | lea                 ecx, [ebp - 0x468]
            //   e8????????           |                     

        $sequence_1 = { 3bc6 734a 807da100 8a8884e64600 8b4598 8808 7505 }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   3bc6                 | cmp                 eax, esi
            //   734a                 | jae                 0x4c
            //   807da100             | cmp                 byte ptr [ebp - 0x5f], 0
            //   8a8884e64600         | mov                 cl, byte ptr [eax + 0x46e684]
            //   8b4598               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp - 0x68]
            //   8808                 | mov                 byte ptr [eax], cl
            //   7505                 | jne                 7

        $sequence_2 = { ab ab ab 33c0 8dbdf4f9ffff a5 a5 }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   ab                   | stosd               dword ptr es:[edi], eax
            //   ab                   | stosd               dword ptr es:[edi], eax
            //   ab                   | stosd               dword ptr es:[edi], eax
            //   33c0                 | xor                 eax, eax
            //   8dbdf4f9ffff         | lea                 edi, [ebp - 0x60c]
            //   a5                   | movsd               dword ptr es:[edi], dword ptr [esi]
            //   a5                   | movsd               dword ptr es:[edi], dword ptr [esi]

        $sequence_3 = { 83c40c 83601000 8b4df0 68???????? 8d4918 e8???????? 8d45ec }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   83c40c               | add                 esp, 0xc
            //   83601000             | and                 dword ptr [eax + 0x10], 0
            //   8b4df0               | mov                 ecx, dword ptr [ebp - 0x10]
            //   68????????           |                     
            //   8d4918               | lea                 ecx, [ecx + 0x18]
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   8d45ec               | lea                 eax, [ebp - 0x14]

        $sequence_4 = { 6685c0 75ef 46 c785b8fdffff01000000 8935???????? 8d85b8fdffff 33f6 }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   6685c0               | test                ax, ax
            //   75ef                 | jne                 0xfffffff1
            //   46                   | inc                 esi
            //   c785b8fdffff01000000     | mov    dword ptr [ebp - 0x248], 1
            //   8935????????         |                     
            //   8d85b8fdffff         | lea                 eax, [ebp - 0x248]
            //   33f6                 | xor                 esi, esi

        $sequence_5 = { 8d4918 e8???????? 8d45ec c645fc04 50 }
            // n = 5, score = 200
            //   8d4918               | lea                 ecx, [ecx + 0x18]
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   8d45ec               | lea                 eax, [ebp - 0x14]
            //   c645fc04             | mov                 byte ptr [ebp - 4], 4
            //   50                   | push                eax

        $sequence_6 = { 52 e8???????? 8bc7 e8???????? c21000 55 8bec }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   52                   | push                edx
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   8bc7                 | mov                 eax, edi
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   c21000               | ret                 0x10
            //   55                   | push                ebp
            //   8bec                 | mov                 ebp, esp

        $sequence_7 = { 0f85f0030000 8d85c0fdffff 50 ff15???????? 83f8ff 0f84da030000 8d85c0fdffff }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   0f85f0030000         | jne                 0x3f6
            //   8d85c0fdffff         | lea                 eax, [ebp - 0x240]
            //   50                   | push                eax
            //   ff15????????         |                     
            //   83f8ff               | cmp                 eax, -1
            //   0f84da030000         | je                  0x3e0
            //   8d85c0fdffff         | lea                 eax, [ebp - 0x240]

        $sequence_8 = { 83c410 8bf0 8d4dbc 895dfc e8???????? 8b0e c745bc48114800 }
            // n = 7, score = 200
            //   83c410               | add                 esp, 0x10
            //   8bf0                 | mov                 esi, eax
            //   8d4dbc               | lea                 ecx, [ebp - 0x44]
            //   895dfc               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 4], ebx
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   8b0e                 | mov                 ecx, dword ptr [esi]
            //   c745bc48114800       | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x44], 0x481148

        $sequence_9 = { 8975f0 8b4508 8d4e10 83660c00 8906 8b450c }
            // n = 6, score = 200
            //   8975f0               | mov                 dword ptr [ebp - 0x10], esi
            //   8b4508               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp + 8]
            //   8d4e10               | lea                 ecx, [esi + 0x10]
            //   83660c00             | and                 dword ptr [esi + 0xc], 0
            //   8906                 | mov                 dword ptr [esi], eax
            //   8b450c               | mov                 eax, dword ptr [ebp + 0xc]

    condition:
        7 of them and filesize < 1253376
}
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