SYMBOLCOMMON_NAMEaka. SYNONYMS
win.netwire (Back to overview)

NetWire RC

aka: NetWeird, NetWire, Recam

Actor(s): APT33

VTCollection     URLhaus      

Netwire is a RAT, its functionality seems focused on password stealing and keylogging, but includes remote control capabilities as well.

Keylog files are stored on the infected machine in an obfuscated form. The algorithm is:

for i in range(0,num_read):
buffer[i] = ((buffer[i]-0x24)^0x9D)&0xFF

References
2023-09-08 ⋅ Gi7w0rm
Uncovering DDGroup — A long-time threat actor
AsyncRAT Ave Maria BitRAT DBatLoader NetWire RC Quasar RAT XWorm
2023-03-30 ⋅ loginsoft ⋅ Saharsh Agrawal
From Innocence to Malice: The OneNote Malware Campaign Uncovered
Agent Tesla AsyncRAT DOUBLEBACK Emotet Formbook IcedID NetWire RC QakBot Quasar RAT RedLine Stealer XWorm
2023-03-10 ⋅ The Register ⋅ Jessica Lyons Hardcastle
FBI and international cops catch a NetWire RAT
NetWire RC
2023-01-30 ⋅ Checkpoint ⋅ Arie Olshtein
Following the Scent of TrickGate: 6-Year-Old Packer Used to Deploy the Most Wanted Malware
Agent Tesla Azorult Buer Cerber Cobalt Strike Emotet Formbook HawkEye Keylogger Loki Password Stealer (PWS) Maze NetWire RC Remcos REvil TrickBot
2023-01-05 ⋅ Symantec ⋅ Threat Hunter Team
Bluebottle: Campaign Hits Banks in French-speaking Countries in Africa
CloudEyE Cobalt Strike MimiKatz NetWire RC POORTRY Quasar RAT BlueBottle
2022-12-18 ⋅ ZAYOTEM ⋅ Enes Şakir Çolak
NetWire Technical Analysis Report
NetWire RC
2022-11-06 ⋅ LMNTRIX ⋅ LMNTRIX
Analysis Of Netwire RAT
NetWire RC
2022-10-13 ⋅ Spamhaus ⋅ Spamhaus Malware Labs
Spamhaus Botnet Threat Update Q3 2022
FluBot Arkei Stealer AsyncRAT Ave Maria BumbleBee Cobalt Strike DCRat Dridex Emotet Loki Password Stealer (PWS) Nanocore RAT NetWire RC NjRAT QakBot RecordBreaker RedLine Stealer Remcos Socelars Tofsee Vjw0rm
2022-06-02 ⋅ FortiGuard Labs ⋅ Fred Gutierrez, Gergely Revay, James Slaughter, Shunichi Imano
Threat Actors Prey on Eager Travelers
AsyncRAT NetWire RC Quasar RAT
2022-02-18 ⋅ YouTube (John Hammond) ⋅ John Hammond
Uncovering NETWIRE Malware - Discovery & Deobfuscation
NetWire RC
2022-02-15 ⋅ BleepingComputer ⋅ Ionut Ilascu
Unskilled hacker linked to years of attacks on aviation, transport sectors
AsyncRAT Houdini NetWire RC Parallax RAT
2022-02-15 ⋅ Threat Post ⋅ Elizabeth Montalbano
TA2541: APT Has Been Shooting RATs at Aviation for Years
AsyncRAT Houdini NetWire RC Parallax RAT
2022-02-09 ⋅ SentinelOne ⋅ Juan Andrés Guerrero-Saade, Tom Hegel
Modified Elephant APT and a Decade of Fabricating Evidence
DarkComet Incubator NetWire RC
2022-02-09 ⋅ Sentinel LABS ⋅ Tom Hegel
ModifiedElephant APT and a Decade of Fabricating Evidence
DarkComet Incubator NetWire RC ModifiedElephant
2022-01-12 ⋅ Cisco ⋅ Chetan Raghuprasad, Vanja Svajcer
Nanocore, Netwire and AsyncRAT spreading campaign uses public cloud infrastructure
AsyncRAT Nanocore RAT NetWire RC
2021-12-13 ⋅ RiskIQ ⋅ Jordan Herman
RiskIQ: Connections between Nanocore, Netwire, and AsyncRAT and Vjw0rm dynamic DNS C2 infrastructure
AsyncRAT Nanocore RAT NetWire RC Vjw0rm
2021-10-01 ⋅ HP ⋅ HP Wolf Security
Threat Insights Report Q3 - 2021
STRRAT CloudEyE NetWire RC Remcos TrickBot Vjw0rm
2021-09-23 ⋅ Talos ⋅ Asheer Malhotra, Justin Thattil, Vanja Svajcer
Operation “Armor Piercer:” Targeted attacks in the Indian subcontinent using commercial RATs
Ave Maria NetWire RC
2021-09-16 ⋅ Blackberry ⋅ The BlackBerry Research & Intelligence Team
Threat Thursday: NetWire RAT is Coming Down the Line
NetWire RC
2021-09-01 ⋅ ⋅ 360 Threat Intelligence Center ⋅ Advanced Threat Institute
APT-C-56 (Transparent Tribe) Latest Attack Analysis and Associated Suspected Gorgon Group Attack Analysis Alert
Crimson RAT NetWire RC
2021-08-05 ⋅ ⋅ Twitter (@BaoshengbinCumt) ⋅ 2ero
Attacks on NCGSA, MOITT, MOD, NSCP and SCO in Pakistan
NetWire RC
2021-07-12 ⋅ Cipher Tech Solutions ⋅ Claire Zaboeva, Dan Dash, Melissa Frydrych
RoboSki and Global Recovery: Automation to Combat Evolving Obfuscation
404 Keylogger Agent Tesla AsyncRAT Ave Maria Azorult BitRAT Formbook HawkEye Keylogger Loki Password Stealer (PWS) Nanocore RAT NetWire RC NjRAT Quasar RAT RedLine Stealer Remcos
2021-07-12 ⋅ IBM ⋅ Claire Zaboeva, Dan Dash, Melissa Frydrych
RoboSki and Global Recovery: Automation to Combat Evolving Obfuscation
404 Keylogger Agent Tesla AsyncRAT Ave Maria Azorult BitRAT Formbook HawkEye Keylogger Loki Password Stealer (PWS) Nanocore RAT NetWire RC NjRAT Quasar RAT RedLine Stealer Remcos
2021-06-10 ⋅ ZAYOTEM ⋅ Fatma Helin Çakmak, Fatma Nur Gözüküçük, Hakan Soysal, Halil Filik, Yasin Mersin
NetWire Technical Analysis Report
NetWire RC
2021-05-07 ⋅ Morphisec ⋅ Nadav Lorber
Revealing the ‘Snip3’ Crypter, a Highly Evasive RAT Loader
Agent Tesla AsyncRAT NetWire RC Revenge RAT
2021-05-05 ⋅ Zscaler ⋅ Aniruddha Dolas, Manohar Ghule, Mohd Sadique
Catching RATs Over Custom Protocols Analysis of top non-HTTP/S threats
Agent Tesla AsyncRAT Crimson RAT CyberGate Ghost RAT Nanocore RAT NetWire RC NjRAT Quasar RAT Remcos
2021-04-21 ⋅ Talos ⋅ Vanja Svajcer
A year of Fajan evolution and Bloomberg themed campaigns
MASS Logger Nanocore RAT NetWire RC Revenge RAT XpertRAT
2021-04-14 ⋅ Zscaler ⋅ Atinderpal Singh, Rohit Chaturvedi, Tarun Dewan
A look at HydroJiin campaign
NetWire RC Quasar RAT
2021-03-18 ⋅ Cybereason ⋅ Daniel Frank
Cybereason Exposes Campaign Targeting US Taxpayers with NetWire and Remcos Malware
NetWire RC Remcos
2021-02-08 ⋅ Arsenal Consulting ⋅ Arsenal Consulting
National Investigation Agency VS Sudhir Pralhad Dhawale & others Report 1
NetWire RC
2021-01-09 ⋅ Marco Ramilli's Blog ⋅ Marco Ramilli
Command and Control Traffic Patterns
ostap LaZagne Agent Tesla Azorult Buer Cobalt Strike DanaBot DarkComet Dridex Emotet Formbook IcedID ISFB NetWire RC PlugX Quasar RAT SmokeLoader TrickBot
2020-11-18 ⋅ G Data ⋅ G-Data
Business as usual: Criminal Activities in Times of a Global Pandemic
Agent Tesla Nanocore RAT NetWire RC Remcos
2020-09-22 ⋅ vmware ⋅ Omar Elgebaly, Takahiro Haruyama
Detecting Threats in Real-time With Active C2 Information
Agent.BTZ Cobalt Strike Dacls NetWire RC PoshC2 Winnti
2020-07-30 ⋅ Spamhaus ⋅ Spamhaus Malware Labs
Spamhaus Botnet Threat Update Q2 2020
AdWind Agent Tesla Arkei Stealer AsyncRAT Ave Maria Azorult DanaBot Emotet IcedID ISFB KPOT Stealer Loki Password Stealer (PWS) Nanocore RAT NetWire RC NjRAT Pony Raccoon RedLine Stealer Remcos Zloader
2020-07-14 ⋅ SophosLabs Uncut ⋅ Markel Picado, Sean Gallagher
RATicate upgrades “RATs as a Service” attacks with commercial “crypter”
LokiBot BetaBot CloudEyE NetWire RC
2020-06-15 ⋅ Amnesty International ⋅ Amnesty International
India: Human Rights Defenders Targeted by a Coordinated Spyware Operation
NetWire RC
2020-05-21 ⋅ Malwarebytes ⋅ Malwarebytes Labs
Cybercrime tactics and techniques
Ave Maria Azorult DanaBot Loki Password Stealer (PWS) NetWire RC
2020-05-14 ⋅ SophosLabs ⋅ Markel Picado
RATicate: an attacker’s waves of information-stealing malware
Agent Tesla BetaBot BlackRemote Formbook Loki Password Stealer (PWS) NetWire RC NjRAT Remcos
2020-05-06 ⋅ Yoroi ⋅ Davide Testa, Luca Mella, Luigi Martire
New Cyber Operation Targets Italy: Digging Into the Netwire Attack Chain
NetWire RC
2020-04-03 ⋅ Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 ⋅ Brad Duncan
GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT
CloudEyE NetWire RC
2020-04-01 ⋅ Cisco ⋅ Andrea Kaiser, Shyam Sundar Ramaswami
Navigating Cybersecurity During a Pandemic: Latest Malware and Threat Actors
Azorult CloudEyE Formbook KPOT Stealer Metamorfo Nanocore RAT NetWire RC TrickBot
2020-03-05 ⋅ ⋅ VinCSS ⋅ Dang Dinh Phuong
[RE011] Unpack crypter của malware Netwire bằng x64dbg
NetWire RC
2020-01-01 ⋅ Secureworks ⋅ SecureWorks
COBALT TRINITY
POWERTON pupy Imminent Monitor RAT Koadic Nanocore RAT NetWire RC PoshC2 APT33
2019-11-20 ⋅ vmware ⋅ Takahiro Haruyama
Active C2 Discovery Using Protocol Emulation Part1 (HYDSEVEN NetWire)
NetWire RC
2019-11-19 ⋅ FireEye ⋅ Kelli Vanderlee, Nalani Fraser
Achievement Unlocked: Chinese Cyber Espionage Evolves to Support Higher Level Missions
MESSAGETAP TSCookie ACEHASH CHINACHOPPER Cobalt Strike Derusbi Empire Downloader Ghost RAT HIGHNOON HTran MimiKatz NetWire RC POISONPLUG Poison Ivy pupy Quasar RAT ZXShell
2019-09-26 ⋅ Proofpoint ⋅ Bryan Campbell, Jeremy Hedges, Proofpoint Threat Insight Team
New WhiteShadow downloader uses Microsoft SQL to retrieve malware
WhiteShadow Agent Tesla Azorult Crimson RAT Formbook Nanocore RAT NetWire RC NjRAT Remcos
2019-09-12 ⋅ Avast ⋅ Adolf Středa, Luigino Camastra
The tangle of WiryJMPer’s obfuscation
NetWire RC
2019-05-08 ⋅ Dr.Web ⋅ Dr.Web
A new threat for macOS spreads as WhatsApp
NetWire RC
2019-03-27 ⋅ Symantec ⋅ Critical Attack Discovery and Intelligence Team
Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.
DarkComet MimiKatz Nanocore RAT NetWire RC pupy Quasar RAT Remcos StoneDrill TURNEDUP APT33
2019-01-30 ⋅ Samip Pokharel
Analysis of NetWiredRC trojan
NetWire RC
2017-12-06 ⋅ Cisco ⋅ Christopher Marczewski, Holger Unterbrink
Recam Redux - DeConfusing ConfuserEx
NetWire RC
2017-09-20 ⋅ FireEye ⋅ Jacqueline O’Leary, Josiah Kimble, Kelli Vanderlee, Nalani Fraser
Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware
DROPSHOT Nanocore RAT NetWire RC SHAPESHIFT TURNEDUP APT33
2016-11-28 ⋅ Secureworks ⋅ Incident Reponse Team
NetWire RAT Steals Payment Card Data
NetWire RC
2014-11-26 ⋅ CIRCL ⋅ CIRCL
TR-23 Analysis - NetWiredRC malware
NetWire RC
2014-08-04 ⋅ Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 ⋅ Phil Da Silva, Rob Downs, Ryan Olson
New Release: Decrypting NetWire C2 Traffic
NetWire RC
Yara Rules
[TLP:WHITE] win_netwire_auto (20260917 | Detects win.netwire.)
rule win_netwire_auto {

    meta:
        author = "Felix Bilstein - yara-signator at cocacoding dot com"
        date = "2026-09-17"
        version = "1"
        description = "Detects win.netwire."
        info = "autogenerated rule brought to you by yara-signator"
        tool = "yara-signator v0.6.0"
        signator_config = "callsandjumps;datarefs;binvalue"
        malpedia_reference = "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.netwire"
        malpedia_rule_date = "20260916"
        malpedia_hash = "53a643781c18e08f4a50949af60172d837a0b6f6"
        malpedia_version = "20260917"
        malpedia_license = "CC BY-SA 4.0"
        malpedia_sharing = "TLP:WHITE"

    /* DISCLAIMER
     * The strings used in this rule have been automatically selected from the
     * disassembly of memory dumps and unpacked files, using YARA-Signator.
     * The code and documentation is published here:
     * https://github.com/fxb-cocacoding/yara-signator
     * As Malpedia is used as data source, please note that for a given
     * number of families, only single samples are documented.
     * This likely impacts the degree of generalization these rules will offer.
     * Take the described generation method also into consideration when you
     * apply the rules in your use cases and assign them confidence levels.
     */


    strings:
        $sequence_0 = { 740c c7042400000000 e8???????? c70424???????? e8???????? }
            // n = 5, score = 1200
            //   740c                 | je                  0xe
            //   c7042400000000       | mov                 dword ptr [esp], 0
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   c70424????????       |                     
            //   e8????????           |                     

        $sequence_1 = { 750c c7042400000000 e8???????? e8???????? }
            // n = 4, score = 1200
            //   750c                 | jne                 0xe
            //   c7042400000000       | mov                 dword ptr [esp], 0
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   e8????????           |                     

        $sequence_2 = { 890424 e8???????? 83ec10 83f805 }
            // n = 4, score = 1200
            //   890424               | mov                 dword ptr [esp], eax
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   83ec10               | sub                 esp, 0x10
            //   83f805               | cmp                 eax, 5

        $sequence_3 = { 83ec0c c7442408???????? c7442404???????? c70424???????? e8???????? c7442408???????? }
            // n = 6, score = 1200
            //   83ec0c               | sub                 esp, 0xc
            //   c7442408????????     |                     
            //   c7442404????????     |                     
            //   c70424????????       |                     
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   c7442408????????     |                     

        $sequence_4 = { 0504020000 890424 e8???????? e9???????? }
            // n = 4, score = 1200
            //   0504020000           | add                 eax, 0x204
            //   890424               | mov                 dword ptr [esp], eax
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   e9????????           |                     

        $sequence_5 = { 83ec0c 85c0 750f c705????????05000000 e9???????? c705????????00000000 e9???????? }
            // n = 7, score = 1200
            //   83ec0c               | sub                 esp, 0xc
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax
            //   750f                 | jne                 0x11
            //   c705????????05000000     |     
            //   e9????????           |                     
            //   c705????????00000000     |     
            //   e9????????           |                     

        $sequence_6 = { 890424 e8???????? 83ec20 3d03010000 }
            // n = 4, score = 1200
            //   890424               | mov                 dword ptr [esp], eax
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   83ec20               | sub                 esp, 0x20
            //   3d03010000           | cmp                 eax, 0x103

        $sequence_7 = { 890424 e8???????? 83ec18 85c0 0f94c0 }
            // n = 5, score = 1200
            //   890424               | mov                 dword ptr [esp], eax
            //   e8????????           |                     
            //   83ec18               | sub                 esp, 0x18
            //   85c0                 | test                eax, eax
            //   0f94c0               | sete                al

    condition:
        7 of them and filesize < 416768
}
[TLP:WHITE] win_netwire_w0   (20170517 | NetWiredRC)
rule win_netwire_w0 {
	meta:
		description = "NetWiredRC"
		author = "Jean-Philippe Teissier / @Jipe_"
		date = "2014-12-23"
		filetype = "memory"
		version = "1.1" 
		source = "https://github.com/mattulm/sfiles_yara/blob/master/malware/netwiredRC.yar"
        malpedia_reference = "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.netwire"
        malpedia_version = "20170517"
        malpedia_license = "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"
        malpedia_sharing = "TLP:WHITE"
        
	strings:
		$mutex = "LmddnIkX"

		$str1 = "%s.Identifier"
		$str2 = "%d:%I64u:%s%s;"
		$str3 = "%s%.2d-%.2d-%.4d"
		$str4 = "[%s] - [%.2d/%.2d/%d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d]"
		$str5 = "%.2d/%.2d/%d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d"
		
		$klg1 = "[Backspace]"
		$klg2 = "[Enter]"
		$klg3 = "[Tab]"
		$klg4 = "[Arrow Left]"
		$klg5 = "[Arrow Up]"
		$klg6 = "[Arrow Right]"
		$klg7 = "[Arrow Down]"
		$klg8 = "[Home]"
		$klg9 = "[Page Up]"
		$klg10 = "[Page Down]"
		$klg11 = "[End]"
		$klg12 = "[Break]"
		$klg13 = "[Delete]"
		$klg14 = "[Insert]"
		$klg15 = "[Print Screen]"
		$klg16 = "[Scroll Lock]"
		$klg17 = "[Caps Lock]"
		$klg18 = "[Alt]"
		$klg19 = "[Esc]"
		$klg20 = "[Ctrl+%c]"

	condition: 
		$mutex or (1 of ($str*) and 1 of ($klg*))
}
[TLP:WHITE] win_netwire_w1   (20170517 | No description)
/*
    This Yara ruleset is under the GNU-GPLv2 license (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html) and open to any user or organization, as    long as you use it under this license.

*/

rule win_netwire_w1 {
	meta:
		author = " Kevin Breen <kevin@techanarchy.net>"
		date = "2014/04"
		ref = "http://malwareconfig.com/stats/NetWire"
		maltype = "Remote Access Trojan"
		filetype = "exe"
		source = "https://github.com/mattulm/sfiles_yara/blob/master/malware/netwiredRC.yar"
        malpedia_reference = "https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.netwire"
        malpedia_version = "20170517"
        malpedia_license = "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"
        malpedia_sharing = "TLP:WHITE"
		
    strings:
        $string1 = "[Scroll Lock]"
        $string2 = "[Shift Lock]"
        $string3 = "200 OK"
        $string4 = "%s.Identifier"
        $string5 = "sqlite3_column_text"
        $string6 = "[%s] - [%.2d/%.2d/%d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d]"
    condition:
        all of them
}
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